My First Day in School

Today also when I recall my old memories of school I become delighted and happy. First day of my school when I admitted in class I. When first time I entered in my school numerous felling were aroused in my mind and i was felling nervous and bit tensed. Although I was not a brilliant student not knowing even alphabets my teachers helped me in learning the alphabetsThat was the time when my first class began Manisha Ma’am entered in the class room every student stood up and greeted good morning Ma’am in return Ma’am replied very good morning sit down I also followed them Ma’am teaches us alphabets and how to use those alphabets in formulating the sentences and words then bell rang Ma’am went outside. Again next teacher entered in the class room and we stood up and greeted good morning Ma’am. Ma’am did not recognised my face as she had never seen me before in the class she immediately asked me the question very politely â€Å"Is this yo ur first class? I replied yes Ma’am then she asked my name I answered â€Å"Rashda Khanam† she said ok Rashda sit down her name was Priyanka very soft, polite and beautiful too. Again the bell rang this time nobody entered in the class room and every student went away along with their lunch box. My mother also gave me the lunch box filled with alu paratha and tomatao chutney. I opened the box and started eating, suddenly my one of my classmate again entered in the class room and said me very politely â€Å"why are you seating alone? come outside I went outside with her along with my lunch box and water bottle hanging in my neck, we all shared our lunch and I became friendly with everybody in the first day of my school, bell rang recess over every body were settled down at their respective places and waiting for the next teacher to come, within 5 mins miss Angilee entered in the class room and asked for the assignment she assigned previous day I found the teacher trict I was seating silently, miss wrote some arithmetics on the blackboard 45 mins passed bell rang every body came out from the class waited for their guardian at the door to come and took them. I saw my father was standing outside with chocolate ice-cream my favourite and then happily I reached my home and shared my first day experience with my parents. So this was my first day school and I am very pleased in recalling that day.

The Religion of Islam

The religion of Islam, unfortunately, has been exposed many unfair criticisms from nonmuslims. Especially about how Islamic Laws are treated towards the women. There are plenty of misinterpretations and accusations. It needs to mention about fundamental and basic principles in Islam.According to Islam, human beings are not evil and sinful creatures, and they do not come to the world with tendency to sin. Human beings are not sinful until they choose to sin. Unlike Christianity, a newborn baby considered to be pure, innocent, and considered as if s(he) a given present from Allah. There is even a saying in Turkish ‘like a paradise-scented child'. This saying refers that the children are innocent and as if they are coming from the paradise. Also, every human is equal in Islam regardless of their race, color, and class. Islam is not definite with only one age, it is for every age. Khurshid Ahmad describes the aim of Islam as, Islam aims at establishing an equilibrium between these two aspects of life – the material and the spiritual. (36)Another detail in Islam is that how Quran describes Eve. In Quran, Eve is not represented an evil or a seductive woman. Quran puts an equivalent blame on Adam's and Eve's mistake. It does not separate Eve from Adam. Eve is not portrayed as a deceiver or a seducer. Eve is not blamed for seducing Adam to eat the fruit from the forbidden tree. Actually, in Quran Surah Taha, verse 121† †¦ Thus, Adam disobeyed his Lord, and fell.† This verse states that Adam is especially blamed for the sin not Eve. Another important detail is that the original sin concept. It does not exist in Islam. For this reason, Adam's sin is not inherited to the other human beings like it does in Christianity. This is because Adam and Eve repented to Allah and they had forgiven. Allah does not punish anyone for other's sins. Therefore, in Islam, everyone is responsible for their own actions, and their own sins.The Quran provides clear-cut evidence that woman in completely equated with man in the sight of Allah in terms of her rights and responsibilities (Ahmad 136). In Quran Surah Al- Imran verse 195 † Their Lord answered the Prayer thus: â€Å"I will not suffer the work of any of you, whether male or female, to go to waste; each of you is from the other†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This part of the verse simply refers that there is no discrimination between a man and a woman in the presence of Allah. In Islam, the superiority only occurs when it comes to the actions. Other features are not important. For instance, being a man or a female, noble or ignoble, those features do not affect the actions that have done. It is crystal clear that there is no difference between a man and a woman. Later on, the Quran states again that there is no discrimination between a man and a woman in Surah An-Nisaa verse 124 † But whoever works righteousness, whether male or female, and is a believer— those will enter Paradise, and will not be wronged a whit.† The only thing that matter is the actions. Another Surah emphasizes the same topic again, in Surah An-Nahl verse 97 † Whoever works righteousness, whether male or female, while being a believer, we will grant him a good life—and We will reward them according to the best of what they used to do.† As long as following Allah and embrace the religion, believers will be rewarded by their works and actions. In Islam there are some religious obligations, for instance, routine prayers, fasting, alms, and going on a pilgrimage. A man and a woman have same obligations and duties for those religious obligations. Except some circumstances, to give an example, a woman can be privileged from prayers throughout her mensuration. The same case applies for fasting. There can be some exceptional for the women, otherwise the man and the women are equally responsible for the obligations. In the Pre-Islamic age of ignorance, if someone has a daughter as his or her first child, burying her was vastly common amongst the various Arabian tribes. Surah An-Nahl verses 58-59 describe the how people react when they have a daughter. † And when one of them is given news of a female infant, his face darkens, and he chokes with grief. He hides from the people because of the bad news given to him. Shall he keep it in humiliation, or bury it in the dust? What an evil choice they decide on?† Quran unquestionably and strictly forbids the infanticide. With the acceptance of Islam, the daughters were protected and treated fairly. Females had gained rights with the Islam. Surely, during the age of ignorance women were treated as if they were the objects, and they had no right. Prior to the advent of Islam, woman had no rights to speak of. When a woman's husband died, any of his male relatives would simply appropriate her, as if she was an animal or a commodity ( Al-Ghazili)The Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) has a saying about treating the daughters † Whosoever has a daughter and he does not bury her alive, does not insult her, and does not favor his son over her, Allah will admit him to Paradise because of her.† (Ibn Hanbal Hadith No 1957). Even just by deducing from this Hadith that in Islam, the daughter has an equal position with the son. Moreover, it can be said that how treating a daughter significant for awarding the father with the Paradise. Woman in the marriage in the Quran states in one of the Surah which is Al-Rum verse 21 † And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that you may dwell in tranquility with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts): verily in that are Signs for those who reflect.† The Quran clearly indicates that marriage is sharing between the two halves of the society, and its objectives, beside perpetuating human life, are emotional well-being and spiritual harmony. Its bases are love and mercy (Ahmed 138). Furthermore, a woman cannot force into marriage without her own approval according to Islamic Law. The rules for married life in Islam are clear and in harmony with upright human nature. A woman and a man both have equal rights and claims on one another, except for one responsibility, that of leadership. This is a matter which is natural in any collective life and which is consistent with the nature of man (Ahmed 138). In Surah Al-Baqarah verse 228 † †¦ And they (women) have rights similar to those (of men) over them to what is reasonable, but men have a degree (of responsibility) over them. And Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.† Having a degree has to do with the maintenance and protection of a women, and as Khurshid Ahmed refers that it is the natural difference between the sexes which entitles the weaker sex to protection. It does not imply no superiority or advantage before the law, and the man's role of leadership in relation to his family does not mean the husband's dictatorship over his wife (138).One of the distinction between Islam and Christianity is about remarriage of the widows. Unlike Christianity, the widows or divorced women do not expose to discrimination against the unmarried women or another. According to Islam, a divorced or widowed woman has the right to remarry without any shame or denunciation. In fact, the Quran allows the betrothal of a divorced or widowed woman even during her period of transition (Jawad 34). In Surah Al-Baqarah 235 states as: It shall be no offence for you openly to propose marriage indirectly to such women or to cherish them in your hearts. Allah knows that you will remember them. Do not arrange to meet them in secret and, if you do, speak to them honorably. But you shall not consummate the marriage before the end of their waiting period. Know that Allah has knowledge of all your thoughts. Therefore, take heed and bear in mind that Allah is forgiving and merciful.This verse mentions there is no sin in offering a marriage implicitly to a woman whose husband died and waiting for the iddat. The explanation of Iddat is a period of time during which a divorced or widowed woman may not remarry (oxforddictionaries.com). This offering can be through expressing the intention of the man by asking questions or stating his wishes to the woman. By this way, woman's opinion will find out, and if the woman wishes to marry that man, it will be prevented the woman to promise someone else. Islam values the treating respectful and kind to the parents, but especially to the mothers. In Islam, women are also valued being a mother too. For instance, In the Quran, there is a suggestion for the polite behavior for the mothers. In Surah Luqman verse 14 † And we enjoined upon man to be dutiful to his parents. His mother bore him in weakness upon weakness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Likewise, in Surah Al-Ahqaf verse 15 † And We have enjoined upon man, to his parents, good treatment. His mother carried him with hardship and gave birth to him with hardship†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Surah Al-Ahqaf verse 15 indicates that Allah ordered to us to treat our parents kindly and take care of them. It is also emphasized that how our mothers suffered during her pregnancy with having sickness and at the same how challenging her labor was. Similarly, in Surah Al-Isra verse 23 is regarding the good and polite treatment towards the parents †Your Lord has commanded that you worship none but Him, and that you be good to your parents. If either of them or both of them reach old age with you, do not say to them a word of disrespect, nor scold them, but say to them kind words.† There are several sayings of The Prophet Mohammad (pbuh). One day, The Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) stated: † Be regretful!† when they say † Who? O The messenger of Allah!† The Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) replied as † It is the person who cannot enter the Paradise because he did not show respect one or both of his parents in their old age.† (Birr and S?la 251) Furthermore, The Prophet Mohammad has a well-known saying † Paradise is at the feet of mothers† (Ibn Hanbal). One more case can be given as:A man came to Mohammad (pbuh) asking, † O Messenger of Allah, who among the people is the worthiest of my good company? † The Prophet (pbuh) said, †Your mother.† The man said, †Then who else?† The Prophet (pbuh) said †Your mother.† The man said, † Then who else?† The Prophet (pbuh) said, †Your mother.† The man said, †Then who else?† Only then did the Prophet (pbuh) say †Your father.† (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) The financial status of a woman is secured in Quran. It can be easily seen in the verses of the Quran.

Childrens literature Essay

Child development was broken down into four theories. These theories focused on intellectual and cognitive development as well as social development and moral judgment development. Theoretical models can be applied to children’s literature by different kinds of books. Children in the younger ages enjoy books like Dr. Seuss the cat in the hat or The Bernstein bears books that focus on things like right from wrong and education. Children learn from these kinds of books at a young age and the books can be related to their lives. As children get older books become more meaningful and become something they can relate to. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone is the book I chose, because I felt like it was well known and something children could connect to and enjoy. The story of Harry Potter can be related to by many children. The trials the he faces as a boy living with his aunt and uncle in the â€Å"non-magic† world can be understood by some who have encountered the same things. He was unappreciated, bullied, made fun of, and treated unfairly just because he was unliked. On his eleventh birthday he finds out that he is actually a wizard and there is a school for kids just like him. His parents, who were killed when he was a baby, were also magic people, and he was excited to be able to learn about them. At the school, Hogwarts, he is befriended by two people who truly become his best friends and family, and he is finally happy to know there are people who care about him. I think this book can be related to Piaget’s Cognitive Theory of Development. Piaget’s cognitive theory of development was outlined into four periods of intelligent development. The sensorimotor period, the preoperational period, the period of concrete operations, and period of formal operations. The period of formal operations hits right at the age group that the Harry Potter series was intended for. This period occurs between the ages of eleven and fifteen when young people begin to use formal logic, engage in a true exchange of ideas, comprehend the viewpoints of others, and understand what it means to live in society. Most readers of this stage have entered adolescence and are ready for more mature topics. I think that this theory applies to this book as kids can relate to Harry’s life with the Dursley’s and the world he is living in. After finding out he is a wizard they can also relate to all the situations he will face while  there at Hogwarts. Children can use their imagination to take them away into their own world where they can get away from reality even for a moment. As far as the book itself goes, literary criticism is meant to interpret the meaning of literature. I believe this book is approached by formal criticism. Formal criticism focuses on the work itself rather than the literary history of the book. When I read this book I am not worried about the author and her life or anything about the literature. I am focused on the action and story itself and the suspense it brings to its readers. I found this criticism part of the paper a little more challenging, but I agree with my decision as I did not think that any of the others fit. There is much that children and even adults can learn from reading books. There are books for children ages zero to three that focus mainly on shapes, colors, animals, and numbers. There are books for younger children up until age ten that are about little girls or boys and their adventures that they go on with their imaginary friends. Books about friendship and forgiveness that teach children to be kind and considerate of others as well as unselfish and giving. Books for ages eleven to fifteen that focus on life as a teenager when your mother or father does not understand you and you are desperately trying to figure out who you are. Books that can teach compassion and loyalty to family and friends and just overall make you imagine worlds you could have never dreamed of. Finally to the ages of sixteen to nineteen when you are googling over that boy or girl you so wish would notice you or even if you are interested in the fantasy world of dragons and wizards, there is a book out there that can teach every one of us something about ourselves. Books are out there to teach us new things and take us places we never knew we could go. It is all about actually reading what the author has to say and listening. For me reading was a way of life and something that made me who I am today. I encourage reading for everyone and I hope that my son is as passionate about reading as I am. References Russell D. L. (2008) Pearson education, Ch. 2: The Study of Childhood: pg. 1 The Discover of Childhood. Russell D. L. (2008) Pearson education, Ch. 3: The Study of Literature; para. 20 Literary Criticism.

Real Estate Competive Corporate Strategy Research Paper

Real Estate Competive Corporate Strategy - Research Paper Example This gives a more comprehensive analysis of how real estate is getting used organization wide. Successful leading organizations put goals and targets, and measure their performance from these tools to ensure continuous improvements. Workplace Business Intelligence gives the organization an ability to compare progress against the set targets by monitoring vital metrics to remove existing organizational inefficiencies. They get used to compare the performance of different locations within the organization (Peoplecube, 2010). Workplace Business Intelligence is not only a real estate management tool, but a service designed to help recognize and remove inefficiencies in little small organizations to global enterprises. Every Workplace Business Intelligence engagement includes professional services not only to help with the installation of the solution, but to help in analyzing and improving the visualizations for the consumers’ different real estate business intelligence data, and develop new visualization required by every organization (Peoplecube, 2010). Porter’s five forces model theory Real estate is a leading is a leading industry in the United States national economy. Porter’s five model analysis tries to reveal the real estate industry and the reasons behind these phenomena. According to the analysis of the relevant state departments, there should be quick development of property management, a real estate industry that is growth oriented from quantity to quality and the growth and upgrading of consumption structure in order to give a high speed real estate industry development (Childress, 2004). Porter developed a structure and on the competitive environment and introduced the five forces model of competition, that is, the five forces model (Porter, 2000). According to Porter, the five forces determine the attractiveness of an industry. These forces include; threat of those who enter the market, threat of the substitute product, buyers ba rgaining power, suppliers bargaining power and the intensity of rivalry. Of The five forces, model determines the degree of competition in an industry; its basic assumption is the profitability of the industry, not only by the attributes of the product but the market structure decision of the industry. The five forces determine the real estate’s competitive strength and profitability. United States Real Estate Five Forces Model The threat of new entrants, buyers bargaining power, threat of substitutes and the intense competition among rivals directly affect the real estate industry and its competitive nature. The different interactions between the five forces determine the levels of industries profits. Threat of new entrants Foreign investors who have access to the to America’s Real Estate industry pose a significant threat. Foreign real estate enterprises and their related constructions and installation will create unprecedented pressure on the domestic enterprises. F or a number, of these industries, the lack of ability to compete will force them to withdraw from the industry, and a large market share of the real industry market will be foreign owned. For most developers in America, this is not a challenge but rather a serious crisis of survival. The new entrants use a lot of resources to eliminate the original product; they provide their product at low prices reducing corporate profits of other real estate firms. Nevertheless, enterprise

Reading and researching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reading and researching - Essay Example In addition, a literature review intends to illustrate, sum up, review, elaborate and/ or incorporate the substance of primary accounts (Crano, 2002). The review of related or relevant literature is almost at all times a standard chapter of a research proposal and a full-blown dissertation. The review outlines an essential chapter in a research thesis where its objective is to present the setting or backdrop to and rationale for the research embarked on. Furthermore, the objective of a literature review is to demonstrate to the reader that the researcher have actually read, and have a good understanding of, the key available scholarly literature concerning a specific subject matter or issue in his/her discipline. This work could be in layout, integrating online references or sources. It could be a project taken apart, or one of the preliminary portions of a thesis, report or a dissertation. Nevertheless, in research proposals and dissertations in particular, the review will be directed by particular research objectives of by the subject matter or argument that a researcher will be discussing and will present the structure for further work (Fairclough, 2003). On the other hand, aside from outlining a clear-cut review of related literature, social research also relies on three paradigmatic approaches, namely, positivism, interpretivism and critical approach, in defining the processes and disposition of a research proposal or dissertation. Primarily, the principle which states that all knowledge originates from positive data or information from observable facts or phenomenon is the territory of positivism; the origins of positivism rest specifically with empiricism, which operates merely with observable details, believing that further than this is the dimension of exactness of mathematics and logic (Bryman, 1992). On the other hand, the interpretivism paradigm of social research is a strategy founded on

IMPACT OF FEEDBACK ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION Essay

IMPACT OF FEEDBACK ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION - Essay Example However, if pay raises are related directly to performance, an employee who receives a healthy pay increase will more than likely also experience feelings of accomplishment and satisfaction. On the other hand, feedback is the information people receive about their performance. It conveys an evaluation about the quality of their performance behaviors. Giving feedback could be done by providing information to employees regarding their performance on job expectations. This makes feedback is an important part of the education process. For instance, in the school environment, test grades let students know what they have achieved and what they must learn to do better next time. People at work give feedback to reinforce others' good behavior and correct their poor behavior. The recipient of feedback judges its value and determines whether to accept and act on the feedback, reject it, or ignore it. Feedback has different purposes at different career stages. It helps newcomers learn the ropes, mid-career employees to improve performance and consider opportunities for development, and late career employees to maintain their productivity. Managers are an important source of feedba ck because they establish performance objectives and provide rewards for attaining those objectives. Other sources of feedback are co-workers, subordinates, and customers (London, 2003, p. 11). The impact of feedback on job satisfaction could be derived in the fact that it is linked to the psychological reception of an employee. Cullen and Sackett (2003) cited Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model that has identified the five core task dimensions-task identity, task variety, autonomy, task significance, and feedback-are seen in a number of psychological states, such as job satisfaction and subsequent organizational events (like absence and turnover). Research has indeed established that these attributes are useful predictors of job satisfaction (Cullen & Sackett, 2003, p. 169). The problem with feedback is that, generally, people tend to perceive and recall positive feedback more accurately than they do negative feedback. However, as opposed to what many people think, a feedback with a negative sign (e.g., being told your performance is below average) can have a positive motivational impact. In fact, when employees are told they were below average on a creativity test, they subsequently drove to outperform those who were led to believe their results were above average. This is why negative feedbacks can serve as a challenge and could motivate employees to pursue higher goals. Those receiving positive feedback apparently were less motivated to do better. Nonetheless, feedback with a negative sign or threatening content needs to be administered carefully to avoid creating insecurity and defensiveness. Self-efficacy also can be damaged by negative feedback, as discovered in a pair of experiments with business students. With this, Louie (1999) concluded that "t o facilitate the development of strong efficacy beliefs, managers should be careful about the provision of negative feedback. Destructive criticism by managers which attributes the cause of poor performance to internal factors reduces both the beliefs of self-efficacy and the self-set goals of recipients." The traditional top-down feedback programs have now been replaced by two newer approaches, the upward

How Global Warming and Hurricane are related Essay

How Global Warming and Hurricane are related - Essay Example Continuation of historical trends of greenhouse gas emissions will result in additional warming over the 21 century, with current projections of a global increase of 2.5F to 10.4F by 2100, with warming in the U.S. expected to be even higher. Hurricanes, tropical cyclones or typhoons, which can be defined as closed-circulation, warm-cored, low-pressure systems with maximum sustained surface wind speeds (1-minute mean) of at least 39 mph, are intense tropical storms with sustained winds above 74 miles/hour (Ahrens, C. Donald. Meteorology Today1) and are conventionally divided into two intensity classes: tropical storms (with maximum winds of 39-73 mph) and hurricanes (with maximum winds of at least 74 mph). Hurricanes have been subdivided into five potential damage classes depending on their maximum wind speed, minimum central pressure and storm surge magnitude. Sea level is rising and will continue to rise as oceans warm and glaciers melt. Rising sea levels means higher storm surges, even from relatively minor storms, causing coastal flooding and erosion and damaging coastal properties. In a distressing new development, scientific evidence now suggests a link between hurricane strength and duration and global warming. Understanding the relationship between hurricanes and global warming is essential if we are to preserve healthy and prosperous coastal communities. Storm intensity and duration increases as global warming emissions increase in our atmosphere. Rising sea levels, also caused in part by rising global temperatures, intensify storm damage along coasts. For hurricanes to occur, surface ocean temperatures must exceed or retain 80 degrees Fahrenheit. To understand how global warming can affect ocean storms, it's important to understand how these storms develop in the first place. Seasonal shifts in global wind patterns cause atmospheric disturbances in the tropics, leading to a local drop in pressure at sea level and forcing air to rise over warm ocean waters. As warm, moist air rises, it further lowers air pressure at sea level and draws surrounding air inward and upward in a rotating pattern called a vortex. When the water vapor-laden air rises to higher altitudes, it cools and releases heat as it condenses to rain. This cycle of evaporation and condensation brings the ocean's thermal energy into the vortex, powering the storm. Depen ding on the severity, meteorologists call these tropical storms or hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean. Natural cycles alone cannot explain recent ocean warming. Because of human activities such as burning fossil fuels and clearing forests, today's carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere are significantly higher than at any time during the past 400,000 years. CO2 and other heat-trapping emissions act like insulation in the lower atmosphere, warming land and ocean surface temperatures. Oceans have absorbed most of this excess heat, raising sea temperatures by almost one degree Fahrenheit since 1970. September sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic over the past decade have risen far above levels documented since 1930. (Global Warming, Hurricanes and climate change) By examining the number of tropical cyclones and cyclone days as well as

See directions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

See directions - Essay Example This meant that he did not have to be transferred from one slave to another work in out of season without payment. Being free, Douglass could do any kind of work of his choice without being forced and eat well even if it was not much food. As illustrated in the narrative, Douglass hired out his time to worker as a calker but all that he earned went to his Master Hugh. If only could enjoy what he toiled for, then he could say he had freedom. According to Douglass (p.68), the desire to be free then started to overwhelm him while in slavery and that prompted him to find a way to achieve his own freedom. This was a matter of death and life but Frederick Douglass decide to give it a try than to acknowledge his life as a slave and live with it. The only way that Douglass could be free and get to enjoy freedom for the rest of his life was to escape from the slaveholders. After planning it all, and making up his mind, Frederick Douglass finally achieved his freedom from slavery by escaping out of the slavery and went seek a better life in a free world. It is fact that at the time, the cases of slavery and slave trade was something common. That is why a narrative like this of Frederick Douglass was very popular. Many black men and women were sold and enslaved by the white people. There they could work for their work white masters for the rest of lives (Douglass p.113). However, others like Douglass who are lucky to escape get a chance to start their lives a fresh out of slavery. This is clearly seen from the fact that Mr. Ruggles was there to help those who escaped from slavery. This means that there were many black people who worked as slaves. In Bedford there were people who had escaped from slavery and went to start new lives in freedom. Thus the story of Frederick Douglass was not a unique case at that time. The techniques used and the flow of the narrative by Douglass was very descriptive and flowing. Therefore, one can say

Week 4 class discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 4 class discussions - Essay Example You can then figure out how that point moves based on different decisions (say, price point). I like it because it’s a very easily understood concept, and can be easily visualixed and internalixed for decision making purposes. I do agree to the post of the student regarding breakeven analysis. As the student has written the post in his own words, therefore, he has not able to represent the exact concept of the breakeven analysis technique. I think I will choose Breakeven Analysis.   It is a technique used by accountants and management.   It determines the point which revenue equals the costs that are associated with receiving revenue.   Break-even analysis analyzes the costs of the sales.   If something costs $50 to produce a widget and the fixed costs are $5000.   The break-even point will be: From what I have read in the book, and from what I have learned in previous classes, the difference between a procedure and a function is the fact that a function will return a value while a procedure does not. In my previous classes, we just called them all functions. If I am missing some finer point of the difference during my discussion on them, Professor, please let me know. A procedure is a piece of code that will, when called, execute a piece of code without returning and values back to the place where it was called from. A procedure may, or may not take any parameters. Example of procedure prototypes (are they called that as a function is?) would be: A function on the other hand would return a value when it is done executing its code back to where it is called from. What we have been writing on every piece of code so far is an example of a function: The above post is well organized description of difference between the â€Å"Procedure† and â€Å"Functions†. The student has clear concept and sound knowledge regarding the topic. The student has discussed the topic with simple and high-quality explanation of the

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 18

Report - Essay Example Instead, global issues of trade control their domestic economy. The trade between China and the United States in the year 2007 was standing at two hundred and six point six billion US dollars, and it declined to one hundred and forty-three billion two years later. This drop was due to the external demand that was shrinking in the wake of the financial crisis that was taking place globally (Kara 71). The United States companies that were operating inside China contributed approximately forty-four percent of these surpluses while other companies contributed about twenty percent. Most of the trade taking place between China and the United States is compensatory that account for almost sixty percent of the total trade between the two countries. Therefore, any slight increase in the Yuan may lead to a significant increase in the Chinese trade surplus, contrary to what is expected. From the yuan appreciation, China has been able to import more raw materials and equipment for its industries at relatively lower prices (Morrison 2013). The year 2005, the first year when the Yuan appreciated, the total value of exports significantly increased. The exports increased by twelve point five billion US dollars in the following year a year which Yuan appreciated by nearly three percent. On the side of importation, recent experiences are shocking for those who are seeking for reduction of the deficit through revaluation of the currency. The evidence that appreciation of Yuan is deterring the consumption of Chinese goods and commodities by the United States is not compelling. During the period when Yuan was strengthening from 2005 to the year 2008, the imports of United States from China shoot up by approximately ninety-four point three billion an equivalent of about four percent. This led to an increased in the inelasticity of prices affecting the consumers in the end. Choices in making the appropriate regime in exchange rates are

“Love” in Carol Ann Duffy’s Valentine Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Love† in Carol Ann Duffy’s Valentine Essay Many people usually see â€Å"love† only one side especially when they deeply fall in love with someone. There are a lot of poems that respond the feeling of these falling in love people about how beautiful love is. It is true that love is beautiful. On the other hand, for me sometimes love is also painful. I really like the sentence that â€Å"love is color-blind† because this sentence can show not only the positive side of love but also the negative side of love. So does Carol Ann Duffy’s Valentine. On Valentine’s day, many people will neatly prepare the present such as a red rose, a cute card, or something that extremely beautiful and worthwhile for their beloved couples but Carol Ann Duffy thinks that these presents are predictable. Carol Ann Duffy says that she will give an onion to whom she loves. Why onion? It is because an onion represents both sides of love. Love has many layers like an onion. You may waste your time for many people who are not the right one for you and will face many problems and barriers that you and your love have to fight for love before you will find â€Å"true love.† Along this way, sometimes you will be sad and cry many times like an onion when you peel it because an onion can make your tears. In contrast, you can say that the nature of an onion can refer to the levels of happiness that happiness has many levels itself. Sometimes it means comfort and memories but sometimes it means like a firework. In addition, Carol Ann Duff compares an onion to the moon too. Although the moon is wrapped in brown paper, it still has light. Like love, no matter what is going to happen, it is still light and beautiful. On the contrary, the moon is the sign of sorrow opposite of the sun. At first when you see the moon, you may consider that it is extremely beautiful but if you see it much closer, you will see it is rough. It is not so beautiful as you firstly see it from the far. It is like an onion because you will think it causes nothing until you peel it. In other word, it is like love. You cannot know that love can also hurt you whether you face it yourself. It takes time to know how painful love can be like it takes way to know how rough the moon is. Carol Ann Duffy tries to tell about the truth of love as she says â€Å"I am trying to be truthful†. You have chances to choose â€Å"to love or not to love† whether you choose â€Å"to love†, you should know that love is no t always end of happiness. It is like when you have the proposal. It is optional. You can choose to be still alone or to walk together with your love. Love will be possessive and honest as long as we walk along together or love can bring heartache if we do not get along well. If you agree the proposal, your life will be changed. If you are married, the wedding ring will stay on your left ring finger to show love between you and your love and it will stay forever if you get along well like the smell of an onion that will stick to your fingers when you peel it. But if not love can be deadly. You can get the suicide holding the knife if you are really disappointed â€Å"Its platinum loops shrink to a wedding ring, if you like. Lethal. Its scent will cling to your fingers, cling to your knife.† In my opinion, the knife also has two sides. It depends on you that you can use the knife in the useful way as the real knife can be used in your daily life. You can be a good wife with the knife because you can use knife to make amazing food for your husband. Conversely, you can also use the knife to make a tragedy scene. Therefore, you can choose your way by yourself. Love is always bitter-sweet. No one will be happy or sad about love all the time. Love has both sides itself. It can fulfill your hope or make you upset. Hence, Carol Ann Duffy’s Valentine is the poem that builds the realistic portray of love to make the reader be aware of love because love is not always beautiful, sometimes it is painful.

Tradition and Modernity Trends in Modern Jewish History Essay Example for Free

Tradition and Modernity Trends in Modern Jewish History Essay The system of traditional education as evaluated by the traditional society on one hand and the Haskalah on the other According to Katz, Jewish education and participation in the life of the community usually gave the average Jew sufficient knowledge to conduct his daily life. But as circumstances changed questions arose almost daily. The correct application of Halacha in present circumstances was normally not something that the layman could decide. For this, scholars of the Jewish law were needed. (Katz, 1988 p. 142) An earlier generation of Jewish educators had stressed the similarities between Judaism and the norms of American democracy. That position was, of course, shaped by the immigrant experience. A curriculum that consciously teaches the importance of difference is clearly addressing itself to a changed America and more important, another sort of Jew. Those Orthodox Jews who remain within the â€Å"four ells of the Law† reject the non-Jewish world in its entirety, even though they make use of modern technology to further their ends. Their schools do not depart from the core curriculum brought in the Mishnah. Institutions of this kind can be found all over the world. The more removed the school and the population it serves from tradition, the more idiosyncratic its curriculum. The emphasis on identity, particularly in the United States but increasingly so in other places as well, may be a way of saying that what one knows about Judaism is not as important as wanting to be a Jew, or feeling Jewish, something that can possibly be attained without the effort required for real learning. The separatism of those who live in a self-created ghetto is matched at the other extreme by those who reject Judaism and identification with the Jewish people in order to find a place, if not always an identity, in other places. This is relatively easy to do in a modern society that requires no overt or official act in order to leave the group of ones origin nor demands membership or affiliation in a recognized corporate entity. Jewish schools, like all others everywhere, teach more than is implied in the detail of the course of study. The work of Jewish educators in the last 100 years has created, for example, pockets of resistance to oppressive regimes and centers of a counterculture. There is a straight line that connects between volunteer teachers in Vilna in 1893 who taught Hebrew in private homes all over the city in order to avoid detection and the more recent underground Hebrew study groups in the former Soviet Union particularly those in the prison camps that served, among other things, as vehicles for preserving personal identity in a situation calculated to obliterate all individuality. The Jewish concept of Tikun Olam (Making the World a Better Place), for some schools a motif that integrates all that they do, resonates with the utopianism that characterizes revolutionary movements; todays youngsters can achieve the same spirit that moved their peers of an earlier time who attended socialist Yiddish schools that stressed the development of class consciousness as the route to an egalitarian society. The larger message of cultural pluralism remains implied in the idea that Judaism and democracy are not only compatible but also positively influence one another. Pupils in Jewish schools of all kinds who do their lessons well will sense that identification with the Jewish people promises a feeling of community that is difficult to find in society at large. Judaism and Jewish education has become a modern tradition. All modern Jewish movements find their origins in the Haskalah, the Jewish Enlightenment of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Before the Haskalah you were either a traditional Jew or you left the Jewish people to become part of the Christian majority. While local conditions varied, in general, pre-Haskalah Jewry led a life apart from its Gentile neighbors. In Western Europe Jews lived in ghettos (or at least in their own separate areas), in Eastern Europe in shtetls. This independent social life did not preclude commercial relations, but in almost all other respects Jews and Gentiles belonged to separate communities. (Katz 1988 p. 141-145) Jacob Katz describes these movements as: The movement of emancipation appeared in Western Europe at the same time that Hassidism rose in the East. From the 1760s a new type of person appeared called a maskil (an intellectual). This is a person who had studied torah but added to this knowledge ther things such as – foreign languages, general knowledge and interest in the world beyond the Jewish community. Soon they presented a program to change Jewish life – its education, structure of community and life-style. When their program began to dominate a sense of crisis swept the traditional community. This sense of dissolution was caused by processes occurring within and without Jewish society. (Katz 1988 p. 214-215) In the Renaissance followed by the Enlightenment, and the world beyond the ghetto became more welcoming and attractive. For the first time in a long time, the non-Jewish world had something worth having, and there was the glimmer of hope that Jews could have it while remaining Jews. The Jewish incarnation of the Enlightenment, the Haskalah, was the result. The Haskalah begins in Western Europe, and it is there that it gives rise to the first modern Jewish movements. There is no late eighteenth to early nineteenth-century Haskalah in Eastern Europe largely because there is no general late eighteenth- to early nineteenth-century Enlightenment there. It is one thing to join the burghers of Frankfurt, to read Schiller and listen to Haydn, or to become a citizen of Republican France, a devotee of libertà ©, à ©galità ©, et fraternità ©. That is real competition for the ghetto and Rashi. But the illiterate, impoverished peasantry of the czarist empire, itself horribly oppressed, was not a club to which shtetl Jews eagerly sought membership. And it would be a while before an enticing Eastern European bourgeoisie emerged. When the Haskalah is finally felt among the Jews of Eastern Europe, it is under circumstances that give rise to very different modernist movements than those that emerged in the West. But it is these Eastern European movements that are the most immediate and influential forebears of the secular Jewish philosophy developed in this book. Later in the chapter I will turn to them. But first we will survey ideological developments among the Jews in Western Europe and its offshoot, the United States. By the eighteenth century a few Jews had permission to live in Berlin (and other German cities) because they were economically useful to the rulers. These Jews were called Shutzjuden (protected Jews). Initially Mendelssohn was allowed to live, study, and work in Berlin because of his association with a Shutzjude. Eventually he obtained this status for himself. Mendelssohn had received a traditional Jewish education from his father, Menachem Mendel, and his rabbi, David Fraenkel. When the latter was appointed rabbi of Berlin, Mendelssohn followed him there to continue his Jewish studies, but while there he also obtained a thorough secular education. (Mendelssohn, 1770 p.476) Mendelssohns first writings in German were secular philosophical works on aesthetics and metaphysics. When he turned to the nonsectarian rationalist philosophy of religion, Christian clerics, inclined to see Christianity as the embodiment of rational religion, challenged Mendelssohn to defend his Judaism. Mendelssohn was disinclined to do it. He had never made any claims of superiority for Judaism, and he was against engaging in religious polemics for principled and practical reasons (Mendelssohn noted that Jews were an oppressed minority in Germany). Still, he reluctantly took up the challenge, arguing that adherence to Judaism was rational for the Jews. Thereafter, much of Mendelssohns work concerned Jewish issues. He translated the Pentateuch and the Psalms into German, and he wrote biblical commentaries in Hebrew. He argued for the improvement of the civic status of Jews, and he intervened on behalf of Jewish communities with various governments. But of most interest to us here are his attempts to modify Jewish custom. (Mendelssohn, 1770 p.478) A loyal, learned, and observant Jew, Mendelssohn denied having an interest in changing any Jewish law or practices rooted in the law. He considered Judaism to be revealed legislation. Jews were divinely commanded and obliged to observe the law. But they were not obliged to have any particular religious beliefs. Judaism was not revealed dogma. Jews were free to believe what they would. Hence Mendelssohn did not view his rationalist interpretation of Jewish practice as an innovation in the religion. But his rationalism did lead to a call for changes in certain Jewish practices that Mendelssohn deemed irrational and unrelated to the law. He thought these practices were based in superstition and degeneracy, the fruit of isolation and oppression. He anticipated two outcomes from the changes: 1) Judaism would more clearly emerge as the rational and dignified religion it essentially was, thereby uplifting the Jewish character, and 2) Jews would ultimately be more acceptable as fellow countrymen to the Gentiles. This second outcome would be a result of the first, combined with the increasing rationalization and liberalization of Christian society itself. (Mendelssohn, 1770 p. 480) There were no Orthodox Jews before the Haskalah. While there were some variations of local customs, there was only one brand of Judaism. Individuals may have been more or less pious, but there was no disagreement about the substance of Judaism.   It was only with the Enlightenment and the rise of Reform that traditional Jewry had to define its relation to modernity. Reform Jews were claiming that it was now possible to join European civilization and remain a Jew, if certain changes were made in Judaism. But of course many Jews refused to deviate from traditional Jewish law. One segment of the Jews who were unwilling to make changes in the law thought that modernity and Judaism were incompatible; these Jews had no desire to join European civilization. They are best termed Traditional Jews. Traditional Jews tried to ignore and isolate themselves from non-Jewish culture. Except for some Hasidic sects, there are really no surviving communities of traditional Jews.   (Mendelssohn, 1770 p. 485) But there was another segment of Jews, also completely opposed to any changes in the law, who believed that strict Torah adherence could accommodate modernity. They constitute Jewish Orthodoxy, which, in its way, is as much a child of Mendelssohn and the Haskalah as Reform is. The basic belief of Orthodoxy, which it shares with Traditional Judaism, is that the Torah is divinely given and eternally valid. Even the authoritative rulings of the future are believed to have been revealed at Sinai. 11 The Orthodox hold that to deny the divine and binding nature of the Torah is to drain Judaism of its substance. The 613 traditional mitzvot, commandments, are divinely ordained and obligatory for Jews. No doctrinal concessions are permissible. Jacob Katz concludes that It was in the field of education that the conflict between tradition and innovation became open war In gentile society a new educational philosophy had emerged that all children should receive the same education, regardless of religion. (Katz 1988 p.229) A maskil called Naphtali Hertz Wessely   came up with a different idea in a famous pamphlet called Words of Peace and Truth: the basis of education should be educational values shared by all men (torat ha-adam) while the teacjing of torah (torat ha-elohim) was to remain only a special supplement of the Jews education. Wessely emphasized subjects such as the local language, geography, history, etc. Even in his proposed Jewish studies he preferred bible studies, Hebrew and grammar which were closer to outside society over Talmudic studies. Wessely argued that such a curriculum would lead to the perfection and salvation of the individual Jew. (Katz 1988 p.230) Compare the responses to Hasidism of the vilna Gaon and of Rabbi Hayyim of volozhin. The Gaon is alleged to have urged his disciples to engage in secular studies; indeed, the example set by the Gaon himself in this respect encouraged the maskilim to take up the banner of general education. The historians who have critically discussed the attitude of the Gaon of Vilna to Haskalah are Ben-Zion Katz, Joseph Klausner, Israel Zinberg, Louis Greenberg, and Raphael Mahler. These authors, though differing in various details, display remarkable similarities in their conceptions of the Gaons position and role in relation to the beginnings of Haskalah in eastern Europe. The Gaons positive attitude to what would ultimately characterize the Haskalah movement, according to the aforementioned authors, is exemplified first and foremost in his favorable approach to secular studies. For example, Katz holds that, although the Gaon rejected philosophy, he loved and greatly admired the natural sciences. (Mendelssohn, 1770 p. 378) During the intermediate days of Passover in 1772, the organized struggle against Hasidism was launched. The community of Vilna, the largest and most important of the Jewish communities of Poland and Lithuania, initiated the struggle and called on other communities to follow in its footsteps. (Etkes, 2002 p. 73)   This was not a struggle over ideas between two currents or what may be called a Kulturkampf. The community of Vilna and the communities associated with it started a total war against what they viewed as a deviant sect. The aim of this war was to remove Hasidism and the Hasidim from the world. For that purpose the community organizations used a variety of means at their disposal: testimony was gathered about the â€Å"crimes† of the Hasidim, Hasidic writings were seized and burned, Hasidic leaders were arrested and punished, and above all, it was forbidden, under pain of excommunication, to maintain Hasidic minyanim. (Etkes, 2002 p. 74) Shimeon Dubnow describes the struggles outbreak according to his general conception of the essence of Hasidism, on the one hand, and of the â€Å"rabbinate, † on the other. He defines the rabbinate as â€Å"the system of the religion of the book, a religion consisting principally of study; expertise in literature thousands of years old, in laws, and in infinitely minute concatenations of law upon law; and scrupulous obedience to the commandments in all their precise details. † In Dubnows opinion, the rabbinate, in this sense, laid the normative foundations of the community organization and established its values. (Etkes, 2002 p. 75) Dubnow regarded the struggle against Hasidism as a natural response, even a necessary one, of the rabbinate and the community leadership against a movement that rebelled against them and challenged them. As he says, the aim of Hasidism was essentially to challenge the scholarly foundation of the religion and to replace it with the element of hidden faith, to emphasize emotion and devotion in the observance of the commandments rather than piling up heaps of regulations on them. By the nature of his discussion, Katz does not deal with events in detail, he does not address the question of the role played by the Gaon versus that played by the community leaders. However, regarding the motivations for opposition to Hasidism, it appears from Katzs account that the Gaon and the community leaders acted from identical motives: the defense of the tradition against those who deviated from it and threatened its integrity.   (Etkes, 2002 p. 79) While Dubnow and Katz believed that the Gaon and the community leaders acted from identical motives, Hayyim Hillel Ben-Sasson contends that â€Å"there were two circles of warriors here, each of which had its own emphasis and preference regarding the purposes of the war and its means. † On the basis of a comparative analysis of the polemical writings those that were, in his opinion, written with the direct inspiration of the Gaon versus those composed by the community leaders BenSasson reached the conclusion that the Gaon and his circle combated Hasidism because of â€Å"matters of faith and ways of worshiping the Creator, † whereas the community leaders opposed Hasidim because of their damage to â€Å"communal and religious order. † (Etkes, 2002 p. 75) When the leaders of the Rabbi Shneur Zalman was forced to deal with the issue of the Gaons authority because the leaders of the Mitnagdim continually appealed to that authority, whenever objections were raised to their claims. In that matter as well, Rabbi Shneur Zalman advanced a Halakhic argument. He did not deny the view of the Mitnagdim that the Gaon was unique in his generation. However, against the opinion that one must obey the greatest authority of the generation without reservation, he advanced the principle of majority rule. True, the Gaon was unique in his generation, but he was still a single man, whereas the maggid of Mezhirech and the other Hasidic leaders were the majority. Altogether, the position that Rabbi Shneur Zalman took regarding the Gaon was ambivalent: he recognized his extraordinary personal merit, but he also denied his authority as a sole Halakhic arbiter. It would not be too much to say that there is a good deal of irony in the fact that the leaders of the Mitnagdim constantly had recourse to the Gaons charisma, whereas the Hasidic leader based his argument on Halakhic principles. (Etkes, 2002 p. 75-92) As noted, the role played by the Gaon at the start of the campaign against Hasidism and the motivations that guided him occupied a considerable part of the letter sent by Rabbi Shneur Zalman to his Hasidim in Vilna in 1797. Later in his epistle, Rabbi Shneur Zalman tells his Hasidim that, after the failed visit to Vilna, the Hasidic leaders traveled to Shklov to take part in the controversy initiated by the Mitnagdim there. When the Mitnagdim realized that they could not refute the arguments of the Hasidim, â€Å"they came with a strong arm and hung themselves from the great tree of ha-Gaon he-Hasid, may his light burn brightly. † Thus the failure to appease the Mitnagdim in Shklov was also connected to the Gaons authority. Rabbi Shneur Zalman further explains to his Hasidim that, not only had the Gaon prevented dialogue and reconciliation in the past, but until he changed his mind there was no hope for reconciliation and accommodation. The constant repetition of the statement that the Gaon was the one who had prevented and continued to prevent any possibility of reconciliation between the Hasidim and their opponents reflects recognition of the exceptional force of his authority. The Gaon regarded the people from whom he received information as reliable witnesses whose word was not to be doubted. At that stage further information came to him: the â€Å"well-known intermediary, † whose identity is unknown to us, told him of a Hasidic interpretation of a passage in the Zohar. The Gaon regarded that interpretation as â€Å"heresy and Epicureanism. † Hence, when Rabbi Menahem Mendel and Rabbi The description of the attitude of the Gaon was not meant to remind the reader of forgotten things. Following those words, the Mitnaged challenges the Hasid: how did he have the temerity to thrust his head in among the tall mountains, that is to say, the Gaon, on the one hand, and the Hasidic leaders, on the other, and to decide in favor of the latter against the stand of the Gaon? Underlying this challenge was the Gaons authority. That authority, whose power permitted the persecution of the Hasidim, is here presented as a reason for rejecting their way. (Etkes, 2002 p. 75-95) Rabbi Hayyims friendly attitude toward the Hasidim who studied in his yeshiva and were guests in his home, the interest he showed in the teachings of their rabbis, and that fact that his son owned Hasidic books and studied them all of these clearly prove that the Mitnagdim had some authority for ignoring the prohibitions imposed by the Gaon on contact with Hasidim. The argument that the Gaons position regarding Hasidism was based on error is not new. As noted, this was the opinion of both Rabbi Menahem Mendel of Vitebsk and of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Lyady. Both of them absolved the Gaon of malicious intention because he had been misled by false witnesses. Rabbi Shneur Zalman took a further step and presented evidence that even the Sages of the Sanhedrin were liable to err. Hence the error of a communal leader was a legitimate occurrence. However, the author of Maá ºâ€œref Haavodah is not content with these explanations and seeks to endow the Gaons error with a theological dimension. The Gaons opposition to Hasidism was not simply a human error, but the product of the precise planning of divine providence. The Kabbalistic principle that every manifestation of divine light must be accompanied by an obscuration and concealment also applies to the revelation of the Baal Shem Tov. Hence the Gaons opposition was a concealment necessitated by the abundance of light. This surprising explanation of the Gaons struggle against Hasidism is a kind of â€Å"sweetening of judgments, † for the severe persecution of the Hasidim was â€Å"sweetened† and its sting removed. The bans, the humiliations, and the bodily and economic injury to the Hasidim took place only to conceal the strength of the divine light that broke through with the revelation of the Baal Shem Tov and the maggid of Mezhirech. Thus it was possible to maintain both the honor and authority of the Gaon, and the righteousness and honor of Hasidism. This harmonious explanation, which can also be described as the mystification of the struggle between the Hasidim and the Mitnagdim, leaves no doubt as to which of the two warring camps received the divine light and which of them served as a veil meant to conceal it. The effort of the author of Maá ºâ€œref Haavodah to make sense of the opposition to Hasidism led by the Gaon expresses a viewpoint typical in the first decades of the nineteenth century. In the beginning of the century the organized struggle against Hasidism came to an end. The cessation of the persecution can be attributed to a number of factors: the Gaons death, recognition by the Russian authorities of the right of the Hasidim to hold separate minyanim, and increasing recognition that the Hasidim were not heretics. (Etkes, 2002 p. 75-95) Jacob Katz describes Hassidism as a religious and social movement. It emphasized reaching ecstasy through the performance of the religious rites, and socially it set up a new pattern: a group of devoted followers headed by the Zaddik whos claim was charisma, not necessarily scholarship. This community was voluntary. (Katz, 1988 p.76) Works Cited Immanuel Etkes, The Gaon of Vilna: The Man and His Image (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), Chapter 5, pp. 151-208. Karlinsky, H. Harishon leshushelet Brisk [The founder of the Brisk dynasty]. Jerusalem, 1984. Katz, B-á ºâ€™. Rabanut, á ¸ ¥asidut, haskalah [The rabbinate, Hasidism, Haskalah]. 2 vols. Tel Aviv, 1956. Katz, J. â€Å"Jewish Civilization as Reflected in the Yeshivot—Jewish Centers of Higher Learning. † Journal of World History 10 (1967): 698–700. Katz, J. Tradition and Crisis: Jewish Society at the End of the Middle Ages. New York, 1993. Krassen, M. A. â€Å"Devequt and Faith in Zaddiquim. † Ph. D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1990. Landau, B. Hagaon heá ¸ ¥asid miVilna [The righteous Gaon of Vilna]. Jerusalem, 1965. Marcus, I. G., ed. Dat veá ¸ ¥evra bemishnatam shel asidei Ashkenaz [Religion and society in the doctrine of á ¸ ¤asidei Ashkenaz]. Jerusalem, 1987. Mendelssohn translated the Torah (Pentateuch) into German probably starting in the middle of the 1770s.

Professional And Scientific Roles Of The Biomedical Scientist Nursing Essay

Professional And Scientific Roles Of The Biomedical Scientist Nursing Essay Biomedical science is a fast paced and constantly developing field of biological analysis in the healthcare sector with long term career prospects, biomedical science involves carrying out investigations on samples of human tissue and body fluid in order to diagnose disease and correctly monitor the treatment of patients that have been affected by disease. With over 55,000 registered healthcare scientists in 51 different disciplines work in areas such as biomedical science makes up for 5% of the National Health Services workforce budget (Evered, 2010) Without biomedical scientists, operating theatres would simply be unable to function, it is biomedical scientists that provide the results of tests required for clinicians to accurately diagnose and treat such diseases as diabetes, cancer and aids (Institute of Biomedical science, 2010). It is essential that biomedical scientists have adequate communication skills that allow them to clearly communicate with colleagues. Biomedical scientists in the healthcare sector; particularly in disciplines such as diagnostic pathology, work closely with doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals for the purpose of maximum efficiency in such prioritised tasks as the diagnosing and treating of patients. In a diagnostic pathology laboratory a biomedical scientist will share information with pathologists (doctors that have specialised in the in depth workings of cells and human tissue), clinical scientists (scientists that support clinicians with laboratory workings), other biomedical scientists and medical laboratory assistants (assistants in the laboratory responsible for labelling samples and organisation of the laboratory). As a team the diagnostic pathology laboratory will be able to identify the exact cause of a problem in a particular patient and then discuss an appropriate route of treatment for that specific patient. In order to practice biomedical science within the healthcare sector in the United Kingdom a biomedical scientist must first become registered with the regulatory body of biomedical scientists (and the majority of other healthcare professions); known as the Health professions council. The Health Professions Council is the board responsible for ensuring that trainee biomedical scientists are fit and safe enough to gain professional registration, the Health Professions Council also ensure that current biomedical scientists remain fit enough to practice within the healthcare sector and keep up to date with their techniques and analysis procedures, this is done through a process of continual professional development and audit, which will be explained later on in this essay. Registration usually consists of completing an accredited (BSc) Biomedical science degree programme followed by a period (at least one year) of training in an institute approved laboratory, upon completion of training, trainees must present the Health Professions Council with a registration portfolio, a trainees portfolio must meet the Health Professions Councils criteria listed in its Standards of proficiency documentations, at which point the Health Professions Council will appoint the trainee the title of being a Biomedical scientist; in order to protect service users from poor diagnosis/treatment or misconduct Biomedical scientist is a legally protected title meaning it is a criminal offence to fraudulently or prematurely practice biomedical science within the healthcare sector without being appointed this title, this is in order to ensure that only registered and qualified biomedical scientists that meet the regulatory boards standards can practice in the health sector in the UK (Health Professions Council, 2010). The Health Professions Councils standards of proficiency were first published in July of 2003 however are constantly being updated as the board acquires more in depth knowledge into both the practical and safe workings of the healthcare sector, and the patient experience when dealing with healthcare professionals. The Health Professions Council has also published a legal document concerning the standards of conduct, performance and ethics, this document is important in the smooth running of the entire healthcare system in general, it is in place to ensure that suitable procedures are related to specific patients and that no discriminatory or unfair behaviour takes place between either; managerial staff in the healthcare sector and staff of lower prestige, or staff in the healthcare sector and patients (or in fact anyone else that may be using a biomedical scientists services in order to determine a health related issue). The professional roles of a biomedical scientist can be portrayed by looking at the Health Professions Councils standards of conduct, performance and ethics literature, this provides strict guidelines on the expectations of Biomedical Scientists, both in and out of their natural working environment, the document lists 14 points with a detailed summary of each one describing how registered professional of the Health Professions Council must act towards patients following such rules as act(ing) in the best interest of service users [and] respect(ing) the confidentiality of service users (Health Professions Council Standards of Conduct Performance and Ethics, 2008). The (Health Professions Council Standards of conduct, performance and ethics, 2008) also describes how registrants must professionally enhance their skills in order to benefit patients, protecting them from the dangers of incorrect diagnosis/treatment, stating that you must keep your professional knowledge and skills up to d ate [and] you must act within the limits of your knowledge, skills and experience, and, if necessary, refer the matter to another practitioner. The international regulating body that the United Kingdom is based within is known as the world health organisation; this is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends. (World Health Organisation, 2010) The major areas of investigation that biomedical scientists are concerned with include the following; Cancer Screening Treating food poisoning Blood donation services Infection control Drug testing AIDS and HIV diagnosis and treatment Rapid response labs for accidents and emergencies Drug therapies The above regions in biomedical science can be divided in to groups that recognise different aspects of practice in the healthcare sector; these include contemporary diagnostic practice, research, and development. Cancer screening, treating food poisoning, infection control and AIDS and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (A virus that results in the bodys immune system attacking itself) development are all determined by contemporary diagnosis practice, growing cell cultures allows a biomedical scientist to isolate and reproduce a specific strain of cells or bacteria; this can then be viewed under a microscope to identify any mutations or pathogens that may be causing a problem to the patient at subject (Institute of Biomedical Science, 2010). There are of course much more complex steps to this procedure, and many other tests that are used to identify different types of disease. Biomedical scientists dedicated to the research side of the profession are continually looking for new and innovative treatment methods that would improve our knowledge of the relevant subject area and ultimately allow us to find new ways of treating or curing disease. Biomedical scientists working in the development side of the profession are involved in searching for the most cutting edge techniques that can hopefully aid the healthcare sector in obtaining faster and more accurate results for patients whilst also aiding in the enhancement of drugs used for treatment, allowing a faster and more concise experience for service users whilst improving quality of life. The scientific roles of biomedical scientists requires them to possess critical skills in knowledge and data with the basic ability to assess and determine problems, it is often the case that a biomedical scientist will specialise in a specific area of the subject that interests them the most, this is known as a discipline, upon graduation there are four main disciplines that biomedical scientists specialise in, these are; microbiology, histopathology, biochemistry and haematology (Institute of Biomedical Science, 2010). Medical microbiologists are specialised biomedical scientists that are committed to diagnosing disease and illness through two main methods of analysis, traditionally biomedical scientists culture the patients specimen onto plates or into broths, in order to isolate and identify bacteria (Gullon, Institute of Biomedical Science, 2010), however using modern molecular techniques biomedical scientists are able to identify specific DNA, within the specimen or bacteria (Gullon, Institute of Biomedical Science, 2010). Cytologists also study human tissue and fluid at a cellular level, using a microscope to determine the cause and correct treatment of disease. Histopathology is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the causes and processes of disease, a pathology department contains a variety of healthcare professionals working as a team to diagnose disease, a typical pathology department will contain the following staff; pathologists, clinical scientists, biomedical scientists and medical laboratory assistants. Histopathology is the examination of tissues and organs that have been removed from patients to provide information on further treatment and diagnosis. The biochemistry discipline of biomedical science relates to clinical chemistry, this is the analysis of body fluids such as blood and urine to study the chemical and biochemical mechanisms of the body in relation to disease. Haematology, often referred to as transfusion science is another discipline that biomedical scientists are able to specialise in, people that have suffered from severe blood loss require a replacement of blood, and biomedical scientists that are involved in the transfusion science service are concerned with identification of individual blood groups and compatibility tests of donors blood with that of the patient. (Barry Hill, Institute of Biomedical Science, 2006) The people providing this service work in a blood transfusion laboratory where their duties include preparing and providing blood for service users that have experienced road traffic accidents, acute blood loss, anaemia, clotting problems and also leukaemia (during chemo- and radiotherapy) (Barry Hill, Institute of Biomedical Science, 2006), An important aspect of a career in this area is the constant screening of blood for diseases and viruses such as HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis. In order to ensure that diagnosis and treatment is as accurate as it can possibly be, diagnostic laboratories have a standard quality assurance/quality control procedure in place, this involves looking over samples at least twice, and checking that the patients sample and information is correct before giving feedback on the issue to the patients doctor or whomever is acting up on the results of the patient (Health Professions Council, 2010). As previously mentioned it is important for biomedical scientists to keep up to date on the latest techniques and analysis procedures when working in the health sector, this comes under the title of continuing professional development (CPD), every time a registrant renews their registration they must confirm that they have met the criteria of CPD, if a registrant is selected for audit by the Health Professions Council they must provide evidence of CPD. The Health professions council define continual professional development as being; A range of learning activities through which health professionals maintain and develop throughout their career to ensure that they retain their capacity to practice safely, effectively and legally within their evolving scope of practice (Health Professions Council, 2010, www.hpc-uk.org) Biomedical scientist in the health sector should have a detailed knowledge of the normal physiology of the body as well as the pathology of disease (The Biomedical Scientist, 2010), this is a typical example of where continual professional development may require a biomedical scientist to continue reading up on information, as with the constant discoveries and new analytical procedures that are being brought to light on a daily basis it is important that only the most precise understanding of the physiological workings and reactions of the body should be taken into account. Upon beginning this essay I was sceptical of what I could achieve by looking into the type of work a biomedical scientist undergoes in the healthcare sector, however I now have a realistic insight into what becoming a biomedical scientist entails, attaining a degree in biomedical science does not lead to one particular career, or even one particular field, the subject is broad and opens a horizon for graduates to focus on many different types of work in the healthcare sector that suit them best, from the research I have done into the different aspects of biomedical science I feel a career in a national blood bank haematology department would suit me very well however my opinion could easily diverge as the course progresses and I learn more about the roles related to such a career. Word Count: 2,151

Home Schooling Essay -- essays research papers

Some 20 years ago only a mere 50,000 children were home schooled, and that was mainly by hippie parents who wanted to protect their children from what they called â€Å"the system.† Now it is estimated that nearly 1.5 to 2 million children are now schooled at home each year, dissatisfaction with the American public school system being the number one reason (Crary). Since most home schooling families can’t afford it, they choose not to send their kids to a good private school. In the next few paragraphs, I will speak of the pros and cons of home schooling children and the fundamentals of home schooling. Here’s a fact, the 2000 champion of the Scripps Howard National Spelling Bee is a home-schooled student and 27 of the 248 spelling bee contestants were also home schooled (Zitterkopf). Lisa Kander believes that home schoolings flexibility with learning and not being on a set time table like public schools is what attributed to the success of her children being able to read, write, and do mathematics far above their grade levels. Sabrina Matteson say’s that she can get work accomplished in 3 hours what it would take in a public school 6 hours because there are no recesses, standing in lines, or slow children. I found that most children who are home schooled have accomplished playing at least 1 musical instrument because of the time saved in the day. On standardized national tests and achievement, it was found that home schooled children scored better than 70-80% of public schooled ...

Friar in Canterbury Tales Essay -- essays papers

Friar in Canterbury Tales Chaucer’s attitude towards the friar is one of sarcasm. The friar is "wanton and merry," but this pleasant-sounding description is actually packed with mockery. By the 14th century, friars, who were supposed to give up all worldly things and live only by begging for food and alms, were almost totally corrupt. They were known for flattering the rich and deceiving the poor, and especially for seducing women in outright disregard for their vow of celibacy. Chaucer's Friar, Hubert, is a "limiter," one who is licensed to beg in a certain area. He's married off women â€Å"giving each of his young women what he could afford her† which implies that he seduced them first. He's â€Å"highly believed and intimate† with â€Å"country folk within his boundary and city dames† of ...

Descriptive Essay - The Woods in Autumn -- Descriptive Essay, Descripti

The Woods in Autumn      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not true that the close of a life which ends in a natural fashion- --life which is permitted to put on the display of death and to go out in glory- --inclines the mind to rest.   It is not true of a day ending nor the passing of the year, nor of the fall of leaves.   Whatever permanent, uneasy question is native to men, comes forward most insistent and most loud at such times.   There are still places where one can feel and describe the spirit of the falling of leaves.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At Fall, the sky which is of so delicate and faint a blue as to contain something of gentle mockery, and certain more of tenderness, presides at the fall of leaves.   There is no air, no breath at all.   The leaves are so light that they sidle on their going downward, hesitating in that which is not void to them, and touching at last so intangible to the earth with which they are to merge, that the gesture is much gentler than a greeting, and even more discr...

Business management

It has a database holding various companies' records specifically job vacancies. Therefore, it matches the qualities required and the candidates' qualifications. BBC, S company structure In any firm, the organizational structure is a vital factor which determines the success and achievement of the set goals. The structure of a company portrays not only the hierarchy of responsibilities in the company but also it defines the division of functions (Allen, 2000). The hierarchy determines various levels of personnel in the organization.The main role of the hierarchy is to substantiate the person or groups of persons responsible for the development of the company's vision and their tasks in pursuit of the session aimed at achieving the set goals (Bassett, 2004). On the other hand, the division of roles amongst the workers places each employee in the most efficient position viable for maximum production. BBC Company is made up of various positions. The main positions include the managing D irector, business development manager, recruitment manager and the support stuff which include the accountants, legal officers and the technical personnel.Abs's organization Chart I. Managing Director The managing director is the overall supervisor. He oversees the entire operation of the company. Some of the primary duties of the managing director are to supervise the general operation of the company, coordinates the financial management tasks and also initiate the development ideologies important for the achievement of the mission, vision and objectives (Shoehorning, 2013). Ii. Development Manager The development manager works in coordination with the marketers in order to bring the clients.The development manager is responsible for the initiation of the strategies required for creation of health network with the clients (Smith,2003). However, he is under the managing director. Iii. Recruitment Manager The recruitment manager works closely with the development manager. While the d evelopment manager markets the company and brings in the clients, the recruitment manager is responsible for the verification of the clients' qualification to find the potential candidates for particular available job vacancies. He also sets the recruitment conditions and standards. Additionally, he develops the recruitment goals (Steen, 2006).The recruitment manager takes instructions from the managing director. Iv. Support Staff The management team cannot operate without the support staff. For the ease of the BBC Company, the support staff includes the accountants, the Technical personnel and the legal officers. The role of the legal officer is to ensure that the recruitment contracts are in accordance with the relevant legislations. The technical persons are responsible for maintenance of proper computer networks and development of more efficient management systems. The accountants are responsible for the maintenance of financial records and provide the statements when required.T he support staffs receives instructions from the managers. BBC Company's Objectives The company's main objectives include; . Increase the number of the clients. Ii. Improve the service delivery. Iii. Satisfy the client needs to the fullest. Mission To be the leading recruitment company globally and which inclines its efforts towards satisfying the clients. Process Map for clients' recruitment Plan to Ensure Legal, Regulatory and Ethical Objectives The company needs proper plan which ensures consistency in legal, regulatory and ethical objectives in its operation. The plan is as follows I.The management should review the business contracts and other legal documents to find their validity and compatibility with the state laws. I. The company's operation to be conducted in accordance with the state law. Iii. The recruitment exercise must never subject any client to any form of injustice. Iv. The management to seek to have feedback from the clients on the quality of service delivery. Re commendation on Alignment of manpower and available resources Using SMART. SMART is an acronym which refers to Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Timely. This provides the guideline for setting up the objectives. S: Specific.The desired goals and objectives by the organization should be specific. For instance, the management should be specific on the type of qualification required when recruiting the clients. M: Measurable: The management should establish concrete methodology used to measure progress towards achievement of the desired goals. For instance, the organization should ask itself how many available job vacancies are available against particular number of candidates. A: Attainable: The objectives should be within the reach especially in terms of available resources for instance, finance. R: Realistic: The goals or objectives must be within the capability.The company can fail if it Sets Very high objectives and goals which are never attainable. In regard to this , the company needs to consider the available resources and their efficiency to enable the achievement of the desired goals. T: Timely: Any goal is bound to a specific timeshare. This determines the time required for a goal to be attained. The availability of resources and their alignment enables timely attainment of the goals. The BBC Company New System. Considering the weaknesses associated with the current system, a new system is implemented which is more efficient and ensures SMART attainment of the set goals.The previous system was associated with poor uncial management, slow service delivery and generally poor leadership. Therefore, the new systems are as follow. Service Delivery system: A new digital system is put in place to enable service delivery in the shortest time possible. With this system, the clients have to deliver their academic and personal documents are delivered to the company's website via the Internet. The recruitment officers' access the documents, verify the ir originality, test the qualification and communicate to the applicant online.Therefore, the applicants do not have to appear at the company offices in person. Digital ATA management system: The new management system is deployed which is used to manage data in the most convenient way. This system minimizes human error and also saves time when retrieving information because the officers do not have to go through big files in search of records. Payment system: There is no more cash payment, rather, the clients make payment directly to the company s account and deliver the bank payment slips.This minimizes corruption where money gets lost in the hands of the officers. Work activities meeting operational plan Planning: This activity involves outlining objectives, and setting the prospected results. The techniques for achievement are also outlined under this activity. Organizing: organization of the BBC Company is crucial because it enables establishment of the structures and systems in which the activities are arranged and coordinated based on the particular plans and objectives. Staffing: this activity involves accomplishment of the personnel functions.The functions involve selection and training the staff members and also maintenance of proper and favorable conditions for work (Personnel management function, 1993). Directing: Directing is done by the managers and it involves embodying decision making through instructions. This activity is done in line with the set operational plan. Coordinating: coordination is an activity which is aimed at inter-relating the various activities undertaken within the organization. For instance, it inter-relates the highly ranked managers and the support staff. Reporting: Reporting is one of the tools important for ensuring quality checks.This involves making the various organs which include the shareholders, managers, the public, clients, us pliers and others informed regarding the progress of the organization. Budgeting: budget ing refers to the setting of financial plans, financial management control, keeping of financial records and also ensuring that the cost is in line with the set goals and objectives. Quality Management Systems Quality management systems refer to the techniques employed to enable proper communication between the manager and the employees concerning the quality of service to be delivered to the clients (Quality management systems, 2008).The employees are kept in check to deliver services in accordance to the set standard specifications. Quality management system design. Below are the steps important for designing of the quality management system. I. Studying and Understanding the current organizational structure and the associated processes. This involves studying the environment, the competitive level and others. Ii. Development of performance priorities. The BBC performance priorities are in line with shareholders and other stakeholders' expectations and desires. This is done before the action design is done. Iii.Development Of performance indicators. The measurement Of every department's performance enables tracking of the general performance of the organization. In this case, the top-down approach meets the bottom-up approach. Iv. Collection of the required data. This involves the calculation of the performance indicators. V. Designing reporting and performance data representation formats. This step involves the decision on how the data is presented to the end users. It also entails how the users provide the feedback for management, monitoring and improvement purposes based on the data provided. Vi.Testing and adjusting the performance measurement system. This step involves improvement of the previous performance system based on the feedback from the users. All elements working in unplanned manner are adjusted to enhance desired level of performance. Vii. Implementation of the system. This is the final step after designing the quality management system of BB C recruiting company. This is where the system is officially launched and put in use for the entire organization operation. The implementation stage involves the managing the user access, training of the users and also the demonstration of the system operation.The system designing process can be presented in chart as follows Quality culture to ensure continuous monitoring ,evaluation and development of process Demonstration of culture is a vital exercise in the organization. This can be demonstrated as follows; I. Leadership emphasis Managers in BBC Recruitment Company must understand that the basis of leadership is quality. The key objective worked on is to promote quality service delivery in the most efficient and faster way. Ii. Maintaining a leadership emphasis on quality. In any case, there are always gaps between what the managers advocate for and what they do.Therefore, awareness about the gaps must be made obvious to the employees. Additionally, the managers and executive di rectors must demonstrate commitment towards promotion of the quality service delivery. Iii. Ensuring message credibility. The messages provided by the company regarding the quality of services just be realistic and trusted. Credibility Of message earns the company clients loyalty. Credibility of messages is one of the legal and ethical conditions that the company must observe and practice. Iv. Encouraging peer involvement. Exercising peer engagement in the organization is a crucial balancing of act.Showing little support by the managers leads to loss of important opportunities. Therefore, they should be fully involved in activities. The managers also can consider important printing materials such as burners in the working place reminding the employees on the importance and needs to deliver quality service. The workers also should be motivated on their good performances (Purposive, 2006). Recommendation on the improvements The Abs's current system is associated with various weaknesse s which have led to complain from the clients. The complaints are centered on poor leadership which has resulted to a lot of deficits within the company.Therefore, changes must be recommended in order to improve the service delivery as stipulated in the organizations, objectives and set goals. The recommendations are as follows. I. The company must ensure employing qualified managers and other persons in charge of various positions in order o improve the productivity especially the top most positions. For instance, the operation managers must have full knowledge and skills on how to pursue the various roles relevant to their positions. The managers must be well equipped with skills for initiation of valid ideologies important for the development of the company.Unqualified personnel are liabilities within the company since they earn a lot and produce less hence earn the company a lot of deficits. Ii. Proper marketing strategies must be put in place in order to increase the number of clients who are the main source of revenues to the company (Lick, 1999). The main cause of the deficits in the company is that the company spends a lot and the returns from the clients are minimal because of the small number of clients. Iii. The company should adopt the modern system of service delivery which speeds up the process. This will ensures timely service delivery to the clients.The manual systems are time consuming and also never efficient in handling large number of clients. The modern system, probably the digital systems ensures quality service delivery. Iv. Also, the other reason for the deficits within the organization is corruption amongst the managers and other officers. There should be a proper monitoring system which ensures frequent generation of financial records in order to trace the revenues and the expenditure. Also electronic mode of payment and banking should be embraced unlike the manual handling of money which provides opportunities to some corrupt workers to steal and misappropriate funds. . Also, legal and ethical values should be observed in the company's processes in order to remain relevant to the state and client expectation. Unethical operation makes the clients develop negative attitude towards the company hence underperformed. Report on the implication of he proposed changes The proposed changes are of great importance to the company. BBC Company is under crisis under its current management system. Qualified Personnel Qualification in any relevant position is very important since it ensures maximum productivity.Any position, irrespective of its level within the company is associated with particular skills. These skills are the key resources for productivity. It is also important to match one's qualification with the relevant job category. Operating in one's level of expertise ensures quality and improved level of performances. Therefore, it is worth important o ensure that the roles in BBC company are allocated considering t he qualifications of the workers. Taking an example of the operation managers, they are tasked with management of the processes within the company.Therefore, they are required to be skilled on the relevant processes being undertaken and also possess techniques of aligning the available resources to their tasks to ensure maximum productivity (Product liability,ND). Proper marketing strategies Marketing is the key factor that fascinates the clients to seek services with the BBC Company. There are various other companies providing the name recruitment services and the company is tasked to strategies the best ideas that can make them develop competitive advantages over the others.There are various ways for marketing which include making advertisement via radios, televisions, social media such as faceable and also using marketing agents who make direct contact with the clients (Foss, 2012).. Develop financial monitoring system Corruption and misappropriation of funds within the organizat ion is one of the worst practices that can kill the general development. Therefore, the company must put in place monitoring system which includes safe moment mode which includes direct banking by the clients on registration and frequent generation of the financial records which enables tracing of revenues and expenditure.Modern service Delivery system The modern digital service delivery system is very crucial at the current generation since it is very convenient and safes time. The client may not even need to appear to the company registration premises rather he or she may need to make online application and the records are delivered directly to the company's portals for verification and approval is communicated to the client via email or phone. Also, the digital mode of keeping records is important because it ensure easy retrieval of the same when required (Davis, 1993).The record keepers waste a lot of time accessing records saved in hard copy files. Proper legal and ethical valu es Legal and ethical values are very crucial factors in general processes in the company. They ensure relevance with the client and state expectation (Cross,2007). Risk Assessment Working with BBC Company is associated with some risks. Computer operators within the company suffer risk of developing computer syndrome. Long term use of computer leads to complication which includes eye implication and also the long term effects may be cancer due to exposure to Radiant from the cathode ray tube screens.Also, the field marketers suffer risks of getting indulged in accidents such as road accidents because they travel almost daily. Also, the buildings are under risk of catching fire because of heat generated by heavy machines used for instance, the generators. Demonstration Health and safety regulations To minimize the risks, the company has set the maximum time one has to work on the computer probably two hours in a day (Design to reduce technical risk, 2007). This is achieved by employin g sufficient employees who work in shifts.Also, the vehicles used are serviced regularly to ensure that they are in good conditions. Over speeding the company's vehicles are illegal and the company's mechanics have fixed speed governors to all the company vehicles. Additionally, the building has a lot of fire extinguishers which ensures safety in case of fire (LEN Site 200 Risk Management Plans, 2008). Review of BBC Company Health and safety policies Below are some of the company's health and safety policies and regulation; I. It is illegal to spit carelessly within the company. Ii. No smoking in the work place iii.In case of fire, get out of the building as soon as possible through nearby exit and use the available fire extinguishers to fight the fire. Iv. Strangers are not permitted into the company premises unless permitted. V. Make use of the dust pits. Implementation of the health and safety policies. A body is formed to ensure that the health and safety policies are observed b y all. Also the body is responsible for taking legal actions against anyone breaching the policies. The group also conducts the seminars on the important of the observing the safety and healthy policies. Business Management Pandora Medal In terms of risk, uncertainty, and how its managers handled the company's challenges. What Is the current news on this company? The meaning of a business operating under conditions of uncertainty Is the lack of pertinent information and cannot estimate accurately the likelihood of different results of their actions. Pandora media provides internet radio services in the united States. Some of Pander's risks that would lead to the company's probability of success would be the uncertainty at the core of finance.Meaning, even though Pander's music service has grown to 80 million registered users and a database of over 800,000. They still lack to generate sufficient revenue to turn a profit due to the economy. Managers handle the company challenges by modifying its original commitment to the free radio model, offering users an alternative. Listeners who would prefer to skip the advertising have an option to pay $36 per year for ad-free streaming of their music. 2) What effec ts does time pressure have on your decision making?In what ways do you handle It well and not so well? The effect time pressure has on an Individual loud be the use of proper time management. For example. Your boss need you to pick up the slack for someone who took a sick leave you have their work as well as your. The best way to handle the situation is organization. Being able to accomplish doing your work and theirs without falling behind. I had a situation were I was on call working a IT position that required me to monitor a server for a fortune 500 level company.Hardware needed to be repaired overnight. Time management was key because I knew that if I got paged late at night I would have to prepare time to work he issue as well as has have enough sleep to work the next day. 3) Recall a recent decision that you had difficulty making. Describe it In terms of the characterless of managerial decisions. I can recall a situation working for IBM as a storage admit working a seventy Is sue on a hardware server some ports failed causing failure to the internet between our service and their company.I had to call a IT in another state where the company was located to schedule time to repair the problem. I designed an Microsoft excel design plan that needed to be approved by y manager in order to processed in resolving the issue. Being new to the company I took a lot of sufficient notes in order to be successful. This improved my personal growth within the company helping me design the plan for reviews and get approved by my 1st line manager for the process.I also had to use my networking skills by listening and asking my co-workers if I needed answers. This is were my programmed decision were critical when It came to dealing with technology. 4) What do you think are some advantages and disadvantages to using computer technology In decision making? The advantages of technology are the Improvement of company relative cost. Also the company's overall business strategy m eaning the important technologies to reinforce the company's competitive position.The disadvantages of using computer technology are failure of hardware and software that is purchased by a company. Also having outdated technology that causes problems to compete with other companies as well as performance issues on company projects. 5) Discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of using a group to make decisions. Give examples from your experience. The advantages of using group sections for business project would help give better perspective of the work.Also the ability to use ready-made solutions or custom made solutions between the experience and non-experienced members of your group. For example, if you work in a pool environment for a company the advantage would be networking with your time to improve your skills for your Job position. The only disadvantage is someone in your group lacks the ability to perform at the level of the group members in order to successful finis h work. Or a uncertain team member not being optimistic about the causing the group to fail. Business Management Pandora Medal In terms of risk, uncertainty, and how its managers handled the company's challenges. What Is the current news on this company? The meaning of a business operating under conditions of uncertainty Is the lack of pertinent information and cannot estimate accurately the likelihood of different results of their actions. Pandora media provides internet radio services in the united States. Some of Pander's risks that would lead to the company's probability of success would be the uncertainty at the core of finance.Meaning, even though Pander's music service has grown to 80 million registered users and a database of over 800,000. They still lack to generate sufficient revenue to turn a profit due to the economy. Managers handle the company challenges by modifying its original commitment to the free radio model, offering users an alternative. Listeners who would prefer to skip the advertising have an option to pay $36 per year for ad-free streaming of their music. 2) What effec ts does time pressure have on your decision making?In what ways do you handle It well and not so well? The effect time pressure has on an Individual loud be the use of proper time management. For example. Your boss need you to pick up the slack for someone who took a sick leave you have their work as well as your. The best way to handle the situation is organization. Being able to accomplish doing your work and theirs without falling behind. I had a situation were I was on call working a IT position that required me to monitor a server for a fortune 500 level company.Hardware needed to be repaired overnight. Time management was key because I knew that if I got paged late at night I would have to prepare time to work he issue as well as has have enough sleep to work the next day. 3) Recall a recent decision that you had difficulty making. Describe it In terms of the characterless of managerial decisions. I can recall a situation working for IBM as a storage admit working a seventy Is sue on a hardware server some ports failed causing failure to the internet between our service and their company.I had to call a IT in another state where the company was located to schedule time to repair the problem. I designed an Microsoft excel design plan that needed to be approved by y manager in order to processed in resolving the issue. Being new to the company I took a lot of sufficient notes in order to be successful. This improved my personal growth within the company helping me design the plan for reviews and get approved by my 1st line manager for the process.I also had to use my networking skills by listening and asking my co-workers if I needed answers. This is were my programmed decision were critical when It came to dealing with technology. 4) What do you think are some advantages and disadvantages to using computer technology In decision making? The advantages of technology are the Improvement of company relative cost. Also the company's overall business strategy m eaning the important technologies to reinforce the company's competitive position.The disadvantages of using computer technology are failure of hardware and software that is purchased by a company. Also having outdated technology that causes problems to compete with other companies as well as performance issues on company projects. 5) Discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of using a group to make decisions. Give examples from your experience. The advantages of using group sections for business project would help give better perspective of the work.Also the ability to use ready-made solutions or custom made solutions between the experience and non-experienced members of your group. For example, if you work in a pool environment for a company the advantage would be networking with your time to improve your skills for your Job position. The only disadvantage is someone in your group lacks the ability to perform at the level of the group members in order to successful finis h work. Or a uncertain team member not being optimistic about the causing the group to fail.